. Why is high productivity important for a nation? 2. Why do you suppose that service jobs have lower productivity than manufacturing jobs? 3. How can a company gain a competitive advantage by having higher productivity than its competitors have?

Answer: high productivity important for nation because high productivity increase the economic level and also increase the living standard ...increase GDP of the country and give competitive advantage in the market , productivity means to work with efficiency .

swot analysis of Solar Cell Phone Battery Charger

Strengths      :    

*One can now buy relatively inexpensive and lightweight portable solar panels which will recharge your GPS, cell phone, iPod, MP3 player, other electronic device.

*      Solar powered cell phone chargers can be a better alternative to electrical cell phone chargers. You have to plug in your cell phone to a home outlet and then you have to wait a long time for your cell phone to be charged.      

-           Relatively small size allows mobile use (ideal for camping and other recreation)

-          System requires no electrical start-up power

-          Solar concentrator can be used with any heat source

-          Higher efficiency than photovoltaic (PV) systems of the same scale

-          Ability to recharge AA batteries anytime and anywhere there is sunlight

-          Low maintenance, emission-free, and environmentally-friendly power source .

    

Weekness :    

-          Solar portable battery charger can not charge a device while its internal battery is being filled up. So you will have to charge the battery pack first before you can power up your gadgets and devices. This could cause some minor inconvenience especially during emergencies.

-        It's not possible to recharge batteries at night using a solar battery charger. Sometimesthe weather is cloudy or inclement

-        Direct sunlight must be required for charging  .

Opportunities :

- In pakistan Solar energy is sustainable, renewable, and free, so why not use it to power not only your homeand appliances, but your portable devices as well .

- pakistan is under developing country so in our country a lot of electricity problm so solar battery charger is very useful .

Threat :

SOLAR BATTERY CHARGER IS NEW IN MARKET AND AS SUCH NO Competitor IN MARKET BUT INDIRECT Competitor LIKE CHINA , INDIA ALWAYS A BIG competitor OF PAKISTAN -PRODUCT AND I HOPE OUR PRODUCT IS UNIQUE AND POWERFUL IN USE .NEW PRODUCT  IN MARKET IS ALSO VERY THREAT FULL BECAUSE IF PRODUCT IS FAIL ALL MONEY WILL LOSE ..                                                  

Case Study : Domino delivers Conclusion:

Domino delivers conclusion :

Ò In this case study dominoes are morally responsible for the death of those peoples who died or injured during road accidents.

Ò Domino is not only responsible for the death of people walking on the road, but they are also responsible for those Drivers who died or injured due to driving fast.  Because they are forcing their drivers to deliver pizza with in 30 minutes .

Case Study : Domino delivers solves under the concept of rights,whistle blowing and justice,Utilitarianism

ÒCase Study Solved Under the concept of:

ÒWelfare Rights and Justice.

ÒWhistle Blowing.

    ÒJustice and Fairness.

Legal Rights:

Ò“Legal Rights are rights that are recognized and enforced as part of a legal system”

Ò Domino’s Delivering pizza by violating traffic rules and to follow traffic rules are compulsory for every citizen. Domino’s Driver say that.

Ò“The 30-minute policy would push me to do things I normally wouldn’t do, like going 50 mph in a 40 mph zone.”

ÒSo it is proved that Domino’s violating the legal rules and regulation.

Right to Life:

Ò Actually the Domino’s driver Drive fast to meet the company offer of providing pizza within 30 minutes.

Ò In this Scenario Domino’s is violating right to life because every person in the society has right to life Domino’s Driver have no right to kill or injured any one by driving fast on the road because their life is not a property of Domino’s.

Whistle blower

Ò“Whistle Blowers are generally conscious people who expose some wrong doing often at personal risk”.

Whistle Blowing & Conclusion:

Ò When the case of throwing waste in municipal land fill was not solved in the company premises than Miss Chantale Leroux decided to blow the whistle against the company and she tell this case to her friend who was working in a local news paper.

Ò In this scenario Miss Chantale is a “Whistle Blower” because she exposes the company illegal act in front of the public through news paper.

Utilitarianism

Ò Ethically Domino is wrong but under the concept of utilitarianism they are allowed to deliver pizza with in 30 minute slot because utilitarian theory says that.

Ò“An action is right if and only if it produces the greatest possible balance of pleasure over pain for everyone”

Ò Under the concept of utilitarianism they are allowed because very few people suffered by this unethical act and the rest of peoples will enjoy the pizza in their home.

business ethical or unethical behavior example :

Monster, Inc. movie.
                           This movie was one of the best I’ve seen all year. It had incredible animation, a wonderful cast, and as far as I could tell, was totally clean. Despite the general concept, we see scaring of children only in the test lab on a model and by the bad guys a few times. Several scenes dealing with a machine that extracts screams from a victim are mildly scary but short (the machine is also destroyed before the end of the movie). There are minor acts of violence, including a fight between Mike and Randall. The crowning glory of the film is that laughter creates a stronger energy than the screams; we know     “the joy of the Lord is our strength.” Overall, this is a wholesome and harmless children’s movie that deserves support.

The boss monster was a little scary for very young children (a cross between a crab and a scorpion with lots of eyes). Scully the blue monster falls in love with a child, finds a force stronger than screams, his best friend does something truly wonderful for him, and it makes parents think about what they look like when they yell at their kids.

BUSINESS ETHICAL or unethical Example:

The first business ethical problem portrayed concerns the energy created at Monsters, Inc. Monsters enjoy the wonderful activities available from the creation of power just as much as humans. The monsters enjoy driving to work and using electricity in their houses to power lights and televisions. The comparison continues with the generation of power. In the human world, coal mining and deforestation has shocking effects on natural species calling those areas home. In the monster world, scaring a child enough to create a scream causes upsetting emotional effects in the scared children. Are the lasting effects of scared children worth the power generated?

This issue was resolved with the discovery that laughter generates ten times more power than a scream. This discovery was made when Boo, a human child, slips though the door opened by Sully, the monster. Sully brings Boo home so he doesn’t get into trouble with the employer, as children are thought to be extremely toxic. While Boo is in Sully’s home, she laughs gently and creates an extremely powerful surge of electricity throughout Sully’s large apartment complex. At first, Sully is unaware of the power generating properties of laughter but at the end of the film, Sully brings the company into a new generation of “laughter creating employees” rather than “scare creating employees.” The company’s old motto: “We scare because we care” is abandoned.

I think that this issue was resolved wonderfully. I wish there were a greater adverse group portrayed in the monster world that believed scaring children was cruel. This would have taught the importance of differing beliefs regarding power resources to the audience and the possibility of finding a better source that benefits all parties involved. If I were in this situation, I would have devoted more resources to research and development to search for a more sustainable alternative.

     Consensus

              Overall, I learned that cartoons targeting children such as Monsters, Inc., are very entertaining as well as educational. This film not only helps children overcome fears such as monsters in the closet by following Boo’s journey, but also creates interest in the business environment. Children have no idea of the concepts and challenges in the business environment but when presented in films such as Monsters, Inc., this may get a child thinking. In addition, I was amazed at the ease of how the ethical dilemmas presented in this film were resolved. How wonderful it would be if every misguided boss could be caught in the act and whisked away by the authorities. In future films I watch, I hope to look for business ethical issues presented and think about the resolution of those issues and how accurate and possible those resolutions are in the real world.

buyer behaviour - decision-making process

How do customers buy?

Research suggests that customers go through a five-stage decision-making process in any purchase. This is summarized in the diagram below :

This model is important for anyone making marketing decisions. It forces the marketer to consider the whole buying process rather than just the purchase decision (when it may be too late for a business to influence the choice!)

The model implies that customers pass through all stages in every purchase. However, in more routine purchases, customers often skip or reverse some of the stages.

For example, a student buying a favourite hamburger would recognise the need (hunger) and go right to the purchase decision, skipping information search and evaluation. However, the model is very useful when it comes to understanding any purchase that requires some thought and deliberation.

The buying process starts with need recognition. At this stage, the buyer recognises a problem or need (e.g. I am hungry, we need a new sofa, I have a headache) or responds to a marketing stimulus (e.g. you pass Starbucks and are attracted by the aroma of coffee and chocolate muffins).

An “aroused” customer then needs to decide how much information (if any) is required. If the need is strong and there is a product or service that meets the need close to hand, then a purchase decision is likely to be made there and then. If not, then the process of information search begins.

A customer can obtain information from several sources:

• Personal sources: family, friends, neighbours etc
• Commercial sources: advertising; salespeople; retailers; dealers; packaging; point-of-sale displays
• Public sources: newspapers, radio, television, consumer organisations; specialist magazines
• Experiential sources: handling, examining, using the product

The usefulness and influence of these sources of information will vary by product and by customer. Research suggests that customers value and respect personal sources more than commercial sources (the influence of “word of mouth”). The challenge for the marketing team is to identify which information sources are most influential in their target markets.

In the evaluation stage, the customer must choose between the alternative brands, products and services.

How does the customer use the information obtained?

An important determinant of the extent of evaluation is whether the customer feels “involved” in the product. By involvement, we mean the degree of perceived relevance and personal importance that accompanies the choice.

Where a purchase is “highly involving”, the customer is likely to carry out extensive evaluation.

High-involvement purchases

include those involving high expenditure or personal risk – for example buying a house, a car or making investments.

Low involvement purchases

(e.g. buying a soft drink, choosing some breakfast cereals in the supermarket) have very simple evaluation processes.

Why should a marketer need to understand the customer evaluation process?

The answer lies in the kind of information that the marketing team needs to provide customers in different buying situations.

In high-involvement decisions, the marketer needs to provide a good deal of information about the positive consequences of buying. The sales force may need to stress the important attributes of the product, the advantages compared with the competition; and maybe even encourage “trial” or “sampling” of the product in the hope of securing the sale.

Post-purchase evaluation - Cognitive Dissonance

The final stage is the post-purchase evaluation of the decision. It is common for customers to experience concerns after making a purchase decision. This arises from a concept that is known as “cognitive dissonance”. The customer, having bought a product, may feel that an alternative would have been preferable. In these circumstances that customer will not repurchase immediately, but is likely to switch brands next time.

To manage the post-purchase stage, it is the job of the marketing team to persuade the potential customer that the product will satisfy his or her needs. Then after having made a purchase, the customer should be encouraged that he or she has made the right decision.